Answer:
The pH changes by 2.0 if the [A-]/[HA] ratio of a base/weak acid mixture changes from 10/1 to 1/10.
Explanation:
To solve this problem we use the<em> Henderson-Hasselbach equation</em>:
Let's say we have a weak acid whose pKa is 7.0:
If the [A⁻]/[HA] ratio is 10/1, we're left with:
Now if the ratio is 1/10:
The difference in pH from one case to the other is (8.0-6.0) 2.0.
<em>So the pH changes by 2.0</em> if the [A-]/[HA] ratio of a base/weak acid mixture changes from 10/1 to 1/10.
<u>Keep in mind that no matter the value of pKa, the answer to this question will be the same.</u>
Answer:
Hypothesis
Explanation:
The following steps are applicable when we wish to prove a specific fact:
- a hypothesis is made; this is a statement that we provide after some observations and we wish to either prove or deny it;
- multiple experiments are carried out in order to gather significantly substantial amount of data that can be then further analyzed and any tendencies can be noticed;
- based on the data gathered, conclusions are made: we either prove or deny the hypothesis. If hypothesis is proved, it may become a theory over long time.
In the context of this problem, we're at the first step where we make a hypothesis.
Answer:
A boundary is a real or imaginary line that separates two things. In geography, boundaries separate different regions of the Earth.The most obvious type of boundary is a physical boundary. A physical boundary is a naturally occurring barrier between two areas. Rivers, mountain ranges, oceans, and deserts can all serve as physical boundaries. Many times, political boundaries between countries or states form along physical boundaries. For example, the boundary between France and Spain follows the peaks of the Pyrenees Mountains, while the Alps separate France from Italy.
The Strait of Gibraltar is the boundary between southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa. This narrow waterway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea is an important political, economic, and social boundary between the continents.
Rivers are common boundaries between nations, states, and smaller political units such as counties. The Rio Grande forms a large part of the boundary between Mexico and the United States. The Mississippi Riveris the defining boundary between many of the states it winds through, including Iowa and Illinois, Arkansas and Tennessee, and Louisiana and Mississippi.
By definition of noble gases, neon does not easily form an ionic bond because it belongs to the group of noble or inert gases, so its reactivity is practically nil.
<h3>Noble gases</h3>
Noble gases are not very reactive, that is, they practically do not form chemical compounds. This means that they do not react with other substances, nor do they even react between atoms of the same gas, as is the case with diatomic gases such as oxygen (O₂).
The chemical stability of the noble gases and therefore the absence of spontaneous evolution towards any other chemical form, implies that they are already in a state of maximum stability.
All chemical transformations involve valence electrons, they are involved in the process of covalent bond formation and the formation of ions. Therefore, the practically null reactivity of the noble gases is due to the fact that they have a complete valence shell, which gives them a low tendency to capture or release electrons.
Since the noble gases do not react with the other elements, they are also called inert gases.
<h3>Neon</h3>
Neon does not easily form an ionic bond because it belongs to the group of noble or inert gases, so its reactivity is practically nil.
Learn more about noble gases:
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When two atoms are bonded together, the atom that is LEAST likely to attract electrons to itself is
the atom with the smallest electronegativity
