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<h2>Answer:</h2>
As the question states,
John's brother has Galactosemia which states that his parents were both the carriers.
Therefore, the chances for the John to have the disease is = 2/3
Now,
Martha's great-grandmother also had the disease that means her children definitely carried the disease means probability of 1.
Now, one of those children married with a person.
So,
Probability for the child to have disease will be = 1/2
Now, again the child's child (Martha) probability for having the disease is = 1/2.
Therefore,
<u>The total probability for Martha's first child to be diagnosed with Galactosemia will be,</u>
(Here, we assumed that the child has the disease therefore, the probability was taken to be = 1/4.)
<em><u>Hence, the probability for the first child to have Galactosemia is </u></em>
I've attached a plot of one such cross-section (orange) over the region in the x-y plane (blue), including the bounding curves (red). (I've set 
for this example.)
The length of each cross section (the side lying in the base) has length determined by the horizontal distance
between the y-axis 
and the curve 
. In terms of 
, this distance is 
. The height of each cross section is twice the value of , so the area of each rectangular cross section should be 
.
This means the volume would be given by the integral
The length of each cross section (the side lying in the base) has length determined by the horizontal distance
This means the volume would be given by the integral