1 half is equivalent to 4 eighths (4 is half of 8, 8 parts equals 1).
for the 2nd set of boxes 2 fractions with the same denominator can have their numerator subtracted (I'm not very good at explaining methods I hope that made sense)
Volume of a cylinder is (pi) times radius to the second power times height. <em></em><em /> Radius is half of the diameter, which would be 7. Volume would be 2770.88<span />