Answer:
Penetration pricing is a pricing strategy where a company charges less than its competitors in order to entice its competitors' customers to patronise them instead.
Competitive pricing on the other hand will see a company charging the same price as its competitors.
Benefits of using Penetration pricing over Competitive
- Reduce competition - If the company engaging in penetration pricing is large enough with more influence in the market, charging less than competitors might lead to competitors leaving the market as the prices will be too meagre for them to cover costs.
- Market Dominance - using penetration pricing can lead to customers moving from the competitors to the company using penetration pricing thereby giving that company market dominance.
- Economies of scale - Penetration pricing allows the company to sell more quantity of its product which means that it will have to produce more and this will reduce average costs for the company.
Risks involved
- Price War - There is a risk of a price war if a company uses penetration pricing. A price war happens when a company reduces its prices and their competitors react by reducing their own prices as well. It might led to a situation where this continues until all the companies are making significant losses.
- Brand Image damage - Cheaper products are usually perceived as having lower quality. Reducing prices might see customers believing instead that the brand is poor and so they may avoid it.
- Attracts low loyalty - The customers gained through this strategies most often have little brand loyalty and when a better deal comes than the one they are being offered in that moment, they will leave.
Answer:
c. 2.50.
Explanation:
Elasticity of demand is defined as the degree of responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in the price of a commodity. It is calculated as percentage change in quantity demanded divided by percentage change in price.
Elasticity is considered elastic if the value is above one, and is means an increase in price results in significant decrease in demand.
When elasticity is less than 1 it is said to be inelastic and increase in price does not result in significant change in demand.
Percentage change in quantity= (30millon- 20 million)/20 million= 0.5
Percentage change in price= (100-80)/100
Percentage change in price= 20/100= 0.2
Elasticity= 0.5/0.2= 2.5
Answer:
Answer is: ( ii ) and ( iv ) only.
Explanation:
In a perfectly competitive market , the process of entry and exit will end when the price equals minimum average total cost, resulting to zero economic profits at this point.
<em>Please note that the labeling of your options are not too clear, so pick the option that my answer correlates with. </em>
Answer:
WACC without taxes = 6.84% (rounding up to two decimals)
WACC with a tax rate of 21%= 6.27% (rounding up two decimals)
Explanation:
To calculate WACC we need to know the weight's for equity adn debt:
Equity: 24,000,000 x 13 = 312,000,000
Debt 368,000,000
Value: 680,000,000
Debt weight's 368M/680M = 0.458823529
Equity weight's 312M/680M =0.541176471
Now we have he weights can calculate the WACC
Ke 0.09
Equity weight 0.458823529
Kd 0.05
Debt Weight 0.541176471
t 0 (as this is a pretax, tax is zero)
WACC 6.83529%
then, for b we are asked for a 21% tax rate, everything else remains unchanged:
if t = 21% then:
t 0.21
WACC 6.26706%
Answer:
proportional
Explanation:
In a proportional tax system, the same rate is applied to all tax payers.
In this question, both bill and Paul pay 10% of their income as tax.
In a progressive tax, tax rate increases as taxable income increases.
In a regressive tax, tax rate decreases with increase in taxable income.
I hope my answer helps you