Answer:
32%
Explanation:
According to Chargaff in his complementary base pairing rule, he stated that the proportion of purine and pyrimidine bases is equal to 100%
That is, A + T + G + C = 100%
Where A=T and G=C i.e the proportion of each base pair is equal.
Hence, if the Guanine content is 18%, it means the Cytosine content of that DNA molecule must also be 18%. Therefore:
18 + 18 + A + T = 100
A + T = 100 - 36
A + T = 64
If the sum proportion of Adenine and Thymine is 64% and each must contain equal proportions, A or T = 64/2 = 32
Hence, Adenine contains 32%, likewise Thymine.
As true pressure we denote the absolute pressure. <span>
Gauge pressure is the pressure above the ambient pressure </span>(it is zero-referenced against ambient air pressure). Absolute pressure <span> is equal to gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure.</span>So, according to this the gauge pressure is always less than the absolute pressure.
An example of a biogeochemical adaptation is camouflage <span />
Answer:
The digestive system of Frog, shark, chicken and cow are the following:
Explanation:
The digestive tract of frog is divided into foregut that consist of esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, pancreas, gall bladder and midgut/hindgut where intestine is present. The digestive system of frog comprise of oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestine. The digestive system of chicken consist of beak, crop, proventricular, ventriculus, small Intestine, large Intestine and Cloaca. The digestive system of cow comprise of mouth, esophagus, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine and large intestine.
Answer:
The correct order of events is:
C) Nicotine binds to the transmembrane protein that normally binds the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
A) The acetylcholine receptor is an ion channel, and when a ligand binds, the ion channel opens.
B) An influx of ions carries the signal to the reward areas of the brain.
D) The signal causes release of dopamine in the brain, which causes good feelings.
E) Nicotine is quickly eliminated from the body (causing cravings for more cigarettes to produce good feelings).
Explanation:
Nicotine acts on acetyl cholinergic receptors that are located in membranes of the midbrain neurons. Nicotine can activate those receptors or block them more efficiently than acetylcholine. Stimulation of nicotinic receptors leads to an increase in ions flow that reaches the brain and causes dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens through axonal prolongations of the dopaminergic pathway. This response is responsible for the smoker´s recompense sensation.
The dopaminergic pathway is the most important way in the process of nicotine dependence and addiction to the drug.
