Top-down effects imply control through predation, including fishery, while
bottom-up effects imply control through food abundance, often thought to be driven by climate or nutrient load.
<h3>What is Top down regulation ?</h3>
The top-down effect refers to a higher trophic level influences the community structure of a lower trophic level through predation.
<h3>What is Bottom up regulation ?</h3>
The bottom-up effect means that a lower trophic level in the biological network affects the community structure of higher trophic levels by means of resource restriction
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Perigee is the correct answer. T<span>his high tide is also known as the proxigean </span>spring tide<span>.</span>
The correct answer is c. Postpartum psychosis is an extreme mental illness in which a new mother does not respond well emotionally to her new baby. This is not a voluntary disorder, which cancels out the first multiple choice option, and mothers who have diabetes actually seem to be protected from it, invalidating the second multiple choice option. The fourth multiple choice option seems to better describe postpartum depression, which is not the same as postpartum psychosis (the former is a depressive disorder, while the latter is a bipolar one).
(c) One corollary of the second law of thermodynamics states that the change in entropy<span> of </span>a closed system<span> must be greater than zero or equal to zero. (d) </span>A closed system can experience an increase in entropy only when<span> irreversibilities are present within the </span>system<span> during the process.</span>
