Answer:
A frameshift changes every codon past it. A base substitution only changes one codon.
Explanation:
DNA is comprised of nucleotides (A, C, T, G) that make up amino acids. Every three bases is called a codon and represents an amino acid.
In a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is either added or deleted from the sequence. This offsets the entire sequence after it because the reading frame shifts. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
If another T is added in between the first and second codons, then every codon after will be changed.
ACT>T<GCTATCGTCATC
A substitution mutation is usually less severe, as it only alters one codon in the sequence. These occur when one nucleotide is replaced by another one. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
Let's say the first G is replaced by a T.
ACT>T<CTATCGTCATC
As you can see, none of the other codons changed.
Typically, a frameshift mutation is considered worse than a substitution mutation.
Liver failer or meningitis ------------------
Damage to the nervous system is causing Kai to have pain and numbness.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Kai injured his knee. We know that the posterior surface of the knee has the quadrangular fossa which is guarded by the tendons of hamstrings anteriorly and by the two heads of gastrognemus muscle below. There are several nerves running down the leg through this region.
Any trauma to this fossa can cause these nerves to get damaged. Thus it can lead to numbness of lower limb. Proper physiotherapy is required to recover as soon as possible. Else that can even lead to paralysis of lower limb.
