Answer:
c. Brownian ratchet
Explanation:
Mitochondria are cell organelles. They are known as the power house of the cells. The energy needed to power the cell is generated by the mitochondria. They functions like a digestive system.
The mitochondria chaperone are proteins that helps the proteins along pathways for their folding. They shield the proteins from other proteins and protect them from binding the folding process. The chaperone are mainly concern with the folding of protein.
The chaperone acts as a Brownian ratchet as the mitochondrial chaperone guides the matrix protein into matrix by the biased diffusion process.
Answer:
The innate immunity in living organisms protects them from the pathogens they encounter daily.
Explanation:
Pathogens are organisms such as virus, fungi, bacteria, protozoa, worms that causes diseases to its host.
For example, Avian flu is a strain or variant of the Influenza virus which predominantly causes a disease in birds such as chickens. The virus responsible for the Avian flu can be passed from birds to humans; when anyone comes in contact with a bird that is carrying the virus i.e a sick bird with Avian flu.
Homeostasis can be defined as a process through which a living organism maintains a steady or stable physical, internal and chemical environment ideal to enhance life and proper functionality.
Also, immunization can be defined as the process of boosting an individual's immunity or immune system against antigens (immunogen) which cause diseases by the administration of vaccines.
Basically, immunization helps to improve the functions of the antibodies, B cells, T cells etc.
If a person becomes infected with a pathogen, such as a virus. The internal stimulus that mainly takes place in order for their body to maintain homeostasis is that their core temperature increases. This is because pathogens such as a virus do not thrive or survive in a hot environment; they're naturally allergic to high temperature (heat).
Answer:
in phagocytosis, the cell membrane surrounds the particle and engulfs it. ( credit: Mariana Ruiz Villareal) Phagocytosis (the condition of “cell eating”) is the process by which large particles, such as cells or relatively large particles, are taken in by a cell.
Explanation:
D. is a recent development resulting from the burning fossil fuels
