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Hoochie [10]
2 years ago
10

To investigate a possible relationship between two factors, such as acidity and solubility, you must first identify the variable

s involved in the experiment. Identify the independent variable, the dependent variable, and any possible confounding variables within this experiment.
Biology
1 answer:
Lyrx [107]2 years ago
3 0

Independent variables cause an effect in another variable (<em>acidity, pH</em>). Dependent variables respond on any change in the independent one (<em>solubility</em>). Confusing variables can influence the results if not controlled (t<em>emperature, pressure, surface contact)</em>.

------------------------

Before conducting an experiment, first, the researcher needs to identify the study groups –<em>experimental and control groups</em>- and the variables involved.

  • Independent (manipulated) variable: Refers to all the variables in an experiment that provoke a response in another variable. The researcher changes it on purpose to observe the response of the dependent variable.
  • Dependent variable: Refers to the variable, which response depends on any change in the independent variable. The response might be proportional or inversely proportional to the change in the manipulated variable.

Usually, many factors influence or affect the response of the dependent variables. Most of them are not of interest to the researcher.

  • Confusing variables or confusing factors are closely related to both <em>the dependent and the independent</em> variables, but they are not of interest in themselves. <em>These factors might  </em><em>mask </em><em>the actual </em><em>effects </em><em>of the</em><em> independent </em><em>variables on the </em><em>dependent </em><em>one,</em> causing miss interpretations of the results.  

The researcher needs to identify all possible confusing variables and keep them constant.

  • Controlled variables are kept constant in the control groups and the experimental groups. Unlike the independent variable, the controlled variables do not influence the results. These variables do not affect the response of the dependent variable.

For instance. You want to study the relationship between solubility and acidity.

  • The independent variable is acidity, which is one of the factors that affect solubility.
  • Solubility is the dependent variable, which responds to the acidity of the solvent.

But solubility also depends on many other factors, such as <em>surface contact, temperature, pressure, and agitation</em>. They are not of interest in this study, but <em>if you do not get to control them, you will not be able to </em><em>discriminate </em><em>the effects of pH from the effects of all these factors</em>.

These are confusing factors, and you need to keep them constant in all your study groups. Only then you will see the real effects of pH on solubility.

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Related link: brainly.com/question/1479694?referrer=searchResults

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Read each of the sentences that describe what happens either during mitosis or meiosis. Drag each sentence into the correct box.
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Complete question:

In the attached files you will find the sentences used to complete this problem, and their corresponding boxes.

Answer:

Mitosis:

  • Homologous chromosomes do not pair
  • One row of chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
  • The cell nucleus divide only once
  • Two diploid daughter cells form that are identical to their parental cells

Meiosis:

  • Each replicated chromosome pair with its corresponding homologous pair
  • Tetrads form, and crossing-over sometimes occur
  • Paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
  • Four haploid daughter cells form that are not identical to their parental cells

Explanation:  

There are two principal types of cells in the organism: Somatic diploid cells (2n) that reproduce by the process of mitosis, and germ cells that are diploid reproductive cells in charge of gamete production. These germ cells suffer both mitosis (to form more sexual cells) and meiosis (giving place to haploid gametes, called sperm and egg cells, through the gametogenesis process). Both somatic cells and germinal cells will end their cycle becoming two daughter cells with the same genetic dotation.

Gametes´destiny is to merge in the process of fecundation, during which a new diploid cell called zygote emerges through fertilization. The zygote is a complete cell from the structural point of view that suffer successive mitosis to form the new organism.

  • <u>Meiosis</u> is a process by which, from a diploid germ cell (2n), four daughter cells with a haploid chromosome number (n) are produced. Each daughter cell has half of the chromosomes of the original one. There are two phases in meiosis: the first one in which occurs a chromosome´s reduction division, and the second one where the cell suffers a new division, but this one is not a reductive one.
  1. In the first phase, Meiosis I: Chromosomes condensate and became visible. Occurs crossing-over between homologous chromosomes in the equatorial plane. Crossin-over makes the daughter cells to be genetically different from the original one. After crossing-over, homologous chromosomes get separated again. Then occurs cytokinesis and chromosomes became lax again.
  2. In the second phase, Meiosis II: Chromosomes condensate again, they join the spindle apparatus and migrate to the equatorial plane. Centromeres divide and each chromatid goes forward to each pole. Once in the poles the chromosomes became lax again and occur cytokinesis.
  • Mitosis is a process by which, from a diploid somatic cell (2n), two daughter diploid cells (2n) are produced. During mitosis, the cell duplicates and then separates. Mitosis occurs in only one phase. In the prophase, it occurs chromosomes condensation and nuclear membrane breaks. During the metaphase, fibers of the spindle apparatus capture chromosomes and take them toward the center of the cell, to the equatorial plane, where they line up. Each chromatid joins with a microtubule of opposites poles. Sister chromatids are held together until they reach the Anaphase, during which other enzymes are activated to break the bonds and separate the chromatids, which migrate to the opposite poles. In telophase, the duplicated chromosomes are already in the corresponding poles, and the nuclear membrane forms again in each pole. Finally, occurs cytokinesis.  

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