Answer:
The proton gradient produced by proton pumping during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP. Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix through the membrane protein ATP synthase, causing it to spin (like a water wheel) and catalyze conversion of ADP to ATP.
Explanation:
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B
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Global warming affects the spread of animals because different areas will become suitable for different species, so they spread out. This can cause diseases to spread, as the animals may bring them with them. This can also happen in the opposite direction, where the climate change causes less habitats to be suitable for animals, so they become more sparse
The phospholipids are tightly packed together, and the membrane has a hydrophobic interior. This structure causes the membrane to be selectively permeable. A membrane that has selective permeability allows only substances meeting certain criteria to pass through it unaided.
