Solid substance A has a melting point of 100 degrees Celsius. In this case, the substance is in the liquid state at 115 degrees Celsius. Liquid substance B has a freezing point of 110 degrees Celsius. In this case, once it reaches 115 degrees Celsius, the substance is still a liquid.
An example could be moths since certain moths in certain areas have a higher reproduction rate than others and have adapted camouflage to survive against predators
The Moon's path around earth is tilted compared to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The Moon can be behind Earth but still get hit by light from the sun. This is why we dont get a lunar eclipse every month.