Answer:
electron-electron repulsion
Explanation:
When electrons add into valence shell of neutral elements, the element assumes a negative oxidation state. With this, the number of electrons having (-) charges will be larger than the number of protons having positive (+) charges. As a result, the extra electrons repel one another (i.e., like charges repel) and a larger radius is the result.
In contrast, when cations are formed, electrons are removed from the valence level (oxidation) producing an element having a greater number of protons than electrons. The larger number of protons will function to attract the electron cloud with a greater force that results in a contraction of atomic radius and a smaller spherical volume than the neutral unionized element.
To visualize, see attached chart that shows atomic and ionic radii before and after ionization of the elements.
The mass of 4.5 moles of sodium fluoride is 189g
The increase in volume shift the equilibrium towards making more moles of gas, decrease in volume shift the equilibrium towards producing fewer moles of gas.
<h3>What is equilibrium?</h3>
The equilibrium of the gas is based on the pressure of the gas. With the increase in pressure, the equilibrium moves towards making fewer molecules of gas.
The gas equilibrium is proportional to the equilibrium K.
Increase in volume shift the equilibrium towards making more moles of gas, decrease in volume shift the equilibrium towards producing fewer moles of gas.
Learn more about equilibrium
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Answer: 4000000000
because 20X200000000=4000000000
Calculate the heat gained by the water first.
q = mCpΔT
m = 20.0 g
Cp = 4.186 J/g°C
ΔT = T(final) - T(initial) = 15.0°C - 10.0°C = 5.0°C
q = (20.0)(4.186)(5.0) = 419 J
This is equal to the heat lost by the metal, so calculate Cp for the metal, given:
q = -419 J (negative because heat was lost)
m = 5.00 g
ΔT = 15.0°C - 100.0°C = -85.0°C (negative because the temperature decreased)
q = mCpΔT —> Solve for Cp —> Cp = q/mΔT
Cp = -419 / (5.00 • -85.0) = 0.986 J/g°C
