European leaders responded to Islamic expansion in a very violent way. Following the initial incursions of the Islamic forces in those years, the European leaders decided it was time to take up arms and fight them in their own lands - what followed were the Crusades.
I believe it is A) the rising action.
Some scholars and archaeologists consider a theory related to a sequence of natural and socio-economic factors which determined the decline of the Indus cities.
They believe that in the Indus Valley region occurred numerous tectonic disturbances which caused earthquakes and changed courses of rivers or dried them up.
These events might have caused a great flood by separating food producing areas from urban centers.
Smoking is forbidden in the theatre
