<span>The biosphere is simply "life on Earth"—the sum total, that is, of all living things on Earth. Yet the whole is more than the sum of the parts: not only is the biosphere an integrated system whose many components fit together in complex ways, but it also works, in turn, in concert with the other major earth systems. These and many other interactions make it easy to see why scientists speak of Earth as a system—and why some go even further and call it a living thing.
1.) </span><span>plants (biosphere) grow in the ground (geosphere)
2.) </span><span>The geosphere alone accounts for almost 82% of the combined mass of the four subsystems.</span>
Through their byproducts, and waste
In a one word response, mitosis.
In an explanation: Before the replication process, an ordinary sex cell contains only has 23 chromosomes. That is half the amount of a normal cell. So when the cells join together they make up the 46 pairs. Then through replication and division(i.e mitosis), the cells are copied to form in short a tiny human. You then forever live with the same amount of chromosomes in your normal cells.
Which Buffers are you referring too?