Question

Create a table in which you compare the components and functions of the following.

Answer 1

Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are the four major types of biomolecules that form all living things. These biomolecules consists of monomers linked together by covalent bonds to form polymers.

• Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids can be classified according to their basic elements, monomer constituents, and functions.

Basic elements:

1. Nucleic acids: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Nitrogen (N); Phosphorous (P)
2. Proteins: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Nitrogen (N); Sulfur (Z)
3. Carbohydrates: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O)
4. Lipids: Hydrogen (H); Carbon (C); Oxygen (O); Phosphorous (P)

Monomer constituents:

1. Nucleic acids: nucleotides
2. Proteins: amino acids
3. Carbohydrates: monosaccharides
4. Lipids: fatty acids and glycerol

Functions:

1. Nucleic acids: contains the hereditary information to synthesize proteins
2. Proteins: regulate metabolic processes (enzymes), the main biomolecule of cellular structures
3. Carbohydrates: store energy (short term); form cellular structures
4. Lipids: store energy (long term); the main component of biological membranes

Examples:

1. Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
2. Proteins: lactase; collagen
3. Carbohydrates: starch (polysaccharide); glucose (monosacharide)
4. Lipids: phospholipids; cholesterol

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