Answer:
<h2>
Through production of news cell-surface proteins with a different molecular structure by each new generation. Letter B</h2>
Explanation:
The life cycle of theses paratises extracellular alternate between the salivary glands of the insect transmitter and the blood of the mammal. During the set prior to the entry into the host, the metacylic parasites express a dense over formed by the Variant Surface of Glycoprotein, after entering to the mammal host they transform into a morphology that stays in the bloodstream.
<em>The parasites have to manipulate hosts cells in order to avoid the production of antimicrobial molecules and to benefit from growth factor production.</em>
<em>Intracellular protozoa have a remarkable adaptive capacity as they are able to resist killing by remodelling the phagosomal compartments where they reside and by interfering with the signalling pathway that leads to cellular activation. </em>
The ability of an organism to make a copy of itself is called Reproduction
Answer: Many pathogenic fungi are parasitic in humans and are known to cause diseases of humans and other animals. In humans, parasitic fungi most commonly enter the body through a wound in the epidermis (skin). Such wounds may be insect punctures or accidentally inflicted scratches, cuts, or bruises. One example of a fungus that causes disease in humans is Claviceps purpurea, the cause of ergotism (also known as St. Anthony’s fire), a disease that was prevalent in northern Europe in the Middle Ages, particularly in regions of high rye-bread consumption. The wind carries the fungal spores of ergot to the flowers of the rye, where the spores germinate, infect and destroy the ovaries of the plant, and replace them with masses of microscopic threads cemented together into a hard fungal structure shaped like a rye kernel but considerably larger and darker. This structure, called an ergot, contains a number of poisonous organic compounds called alkaloids. A mature head of rye may carry several ergots in addition to noninfected kernels. When the grain is harvested, much of the ergot falls to the ground, but some remains on the plants and is mixed with the grain. Although modern grain-cleaning and milling methods have practically eliminated the disease, the contaminated flour may end up in bread and other food products if the ergot is not removed before milling. In addition, the ergot that falls to the ground may be consumed by cattle turned out to graze in rye fields after harvest. Cattle that consume enough ergot may suffer abortion of fetuses or death. In the spring, when the rye is in bloom, the ergot remaining on the ground produces tiny, black, mushroom-shaped bodies that expel large numbers of spores, thus starting a new series of infections.
