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xxMikexx [17]
3 years ago
12

Identify the positive and negative controls used in this experiment. explain how each of these controls are used, and why they a

re necessary to validate the experimental results
Biology
1 answer:
Gekata [30.6K]3 years ago
3 0
A positive control is when you test your experiment against something where you know what the effects will be, whereas a negative control would be when you test the experiment with something you know will have no effect.
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When the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to amplify segments of DNA, the sample is first heated, and then cooled, in cyc
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At least 17 PCR cycles or 16 PCR cycles

Explanation:

As we know -

In one chain of  heating and cooling  of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the strands of DNA gets doubled.

The general mathematical representation of this is

{2^n - (2 *  n)}

where "n" is the number of PCR cycles.

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explain what DNA is and how the model of DNA developed .You should include information on how genetic information is carried ,as
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DNA is a Deoxyribose nucleic acid and our Dna strand is double helix

Explanation:

I kow this because if you close you see two strands

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Abe knew from his anatomy class that there are three different kinds of muscle tissue in the body. He knew lifting weights would
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Answer:

Three different kinds of muscles are -:

  1. <u>SKELETAL MUSCELES </u>
  2. <u>CARDIAC MUSCLES </u>
  3. <u>SMOOTH MUSCLES</u>

Explanation:

  1. <u>SKELETAL MUSCLES -: </u>There are long, cylindrical, and striated skeletal muscle cells. They are multi-nucleated, which means they have more than one nucleus. This is because from the fusion of embryonic myoblasts, they are created. Each nucleus controls the sarcoplasm's metabolic demands around it. There are high energy requirements for skeletal muscle cells, because they contain several mitochondria in order to generate adequate ATP. <u>Examples of skeletal muscles: arms and legs- </u>T<u>he muscles that belong to the arms and legs feature in pairs. Abdomen and Back- These muscles are connected to the various sets of skeletal muscles that run across the torso.</u>
  2. <u>CARDIAC MUSCLES -</u>: Cardiomyocytes have a short and narrow outline and are fairly rectangular. They are about 0.02 mm wide and 0.1 mm (millimetres) long, respectively. There are many sarcosomes in cardiomyocytes, which provide the required energy for contraction. Cardiomyocytes usually contain a single nucleus, unlike skeletal muscle cells. Cardiomyocytes, although they contain more sarcosomes, normally contain the same cell organelles as skeletal muscle cells.<u> example - cardiac muscle is present in heart. </u>
  3. <u>SMOOTH MUSCLES -:</u> Smooth muscle cells have a single central nucleus and are spindle-shaped. They range in length from 10 to 600 μm (micrometers), and are the tiniest type of muscle cell. In the expansion of organs like the kidneys , lungs, and vagina, they are elastic and therefore essential. As in cardiac and skeletal muscle, the myofibrils of smooth muscle cells are not aligned, meaning they are not striated, hence the term smooth. <u>example of smooth muscles -: Walls of blood vessels ,  Walls of stomach , Ureters ,  Intestines ,  In the aorta (tunica media layer),  Iris of the eye. ,Prostate  and  Gastrointestinal Tract.</u>
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