How do i finish this chart ?

You are studying a biochemical pathway in the mold Neurospora where enzyme 1 converts the initial substrate into intermediate su

solmaris [256]

Complete question:

You are studying a biochemical pathway in the mold Neurospora where enzyme 1 converts the initial substrate into intermediate substrate A; enzyme 2 converts intermediate substrate A into intermediate substrate B; enzyme 3 converts intermediate substrate B into intermediate substrate C; and enzyme 4 converts intermediate substrate C into the end product, an amino acid that is essential for growth. You isolate a mutant that is unable to grow on minimal media. Which data would provide the strongest support for the hypothesis that this mutation occurred in the gene that codes for enzyme 2?

a. The mold can grow on rich medium plus intermediate substrate C, but not on rich medium plus intermediate substrate B.

b. The mold can grow on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate B, but not on minimal medium plus the initial substrate.

c. The mold can grow on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate B, but not on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate A.

d. The mold can grow on rich medium plus intermediate substrate D, but not on rich medium plus intermediate substrate C.

e. The mold can grow on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate A, but not on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate C.

Answer:

c. The mold can grow on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate B, but not on minimal medium plus intermediate substrate A.

Explanation:

Let us first diagram the pathway for a better understanding.

The normal organism produces four enzymes that convert substrates in the medium that allow it to survive, grow, and reproduce.

initial substrate ------------> A ----------------> B ----------------> C ----------------> AA

Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 Enzyme 4

Any mutation on the Neurospora´s enzymes will not let the organism grow on the minimal medium because it will not be able to convert the minimal substrate into the following one, because the mutated enzyme will not accomplish its original function.

So if the mutation occurs in enzyme 1, the organism will not be able to convert the initial substrate into intermediate substrate A. And the rest of the reaction will not be possible either because of the lack of substance A.

initial substrate -----X----> A -------X-----> B ------X--------> C ------X-------> AA

mutated Enzyme 1  Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 Enzyme 4

If the mutation occurs in enzyme 2, the organism will not be able to convert the intermediate substrate A into intermediate substrate B. And the rest of the reaction will not be possible either because of the lack of substance B.

initial substrate ------------> A -------X--------> B -------X------> C --------X-----> AA

Enzyme 1 mutated Enz. 2 Enzyme 3 Enzyme 4

If the mutation occurs in enzyme 3, the organism will not be able to convert the intermediate substrate B into intermediate substrate C. And the last reaction will not be possible either because of the lack of substance C.

initial substrate ------------> A ----------------> B -------X--------> C -------X------> AA

Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 mutated Enz. 3 Enzyme 4

And if the mutation occurs in enzyme 4, the organism will not be able to convert the intermediate substrate C into the essential amino acid.

initial substrate ------------> A ----------------> B ----------------> C -------X-------> AA

Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 Mutated Enz. 4

But, if we artificially add to the medium the substrate that should be produced by the original enzyme (and that is not converted because of the mutation), then the organism will grow and survive because the other enzymes will be able to produce the essential amino acid.

So, if enzyme 2 is the only enzyme mutated, the organism will not be able to live in a medium with substrate A because the mutated enzyme will not convert the substrate A into B. There will not be B substrate in the medium, and the other enzymes will not produce the essential amino acid. So if the mutation occurs in enzyme 2, substrate A is useless to the organism because it will not survive.

But if we add the intermediate substrate B to the medium, the organism will survive. In a medium with substrate B, all the other reactions will be possible, and the organism will get the essential amino acid. The artificial addition of B substrate will replace the function of the original enzyme 2 -which is the one that converts A into B-.

3 0

3 years ago

If you wrote a brief essay discussing the impact of recombinant DNA technology on genetics as we perceive the discipline today,

Margaret [11]

Answer:

The correct applications are A, B, C, F, G and H.

Explanation:

The technology named Recombinant DNA Technology in the example is a technology which involves the combining process of the DNA segments. This segment then can be inserted into another living cell to replicate in there by itself or it can be added or integrated to a chromosome and then put into the cell for replication. Given this ability to manipulate and replicate these modified DNA molecules, this technology can lead to;

A: can be used to give the plants an advantage over certain diseases or bugs that prevent their growth.
B: can be used to modify/isolate and understand the functions of genes.
C: can be used to swap and modify genes in the human body, giving them different abilities.
F: can be used to match the DNA samples taken from the crime scenes by trying different combinations and possibilities.
G: can be used in pharmaceutical industry, for example, making the bacterias produce insulin hormones by modifying their DNA and using this for the people with diabetes.
H: can be used in gene therapy which is a process where a person's DNA is altered and put back in their body to help them produce certain enzymes/hormones/proteins thus curing specific diseases.

I hope this answer helps.

5 0

3 years ago

What are pebbles called that have been shaped and polished by the wind?

Alexxandr [17]

Ventifacts is the answer

6 0

4 years ago

What type of disease are in a grem?

Allisa [31]

Infections
viruses
Bacteria
Mold
and so on.

7 0

4 years ago

If the rate ratio (rr) and its 95% confidence interval for a cohort study is rr = 1.1 (0.7, 1.6), what is the most appropriate c

irina [24]

The correct answer is B.
There's no statically significant association between the exposure and the disease. The risk ratio does not follow the normal distribution, even it does not depend on sample size in comparison groups. The natural rr is approximately normally distributed and is used to produce confidence interval which is for the relative risk.

7 0

3 years ago