Answer:
Phenotypic ratio 1:1:1:1
Explanation:
A test cross is a cross between an individual with heterozygous genotype and a homozygous recessive individual, in order to ascertain the actual genotype of the dominant parent i.e whether homozygous or heterozygous.
In this case, which is a dihybrid cross involving two genes A and B. The allele A is dominant over allele a, since it masks the expression in a heterozygous state. The same applies for allele B and b.
Therefore, allele A and B are dominant alleles while allele a and b are recessive alleles.
In a cross between an heterozygous parent (AaBb) and a homozygous recessive (aabb), each individual will undergo meiosis and produce gametes. According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, the alleles of each individual get sorted into gametes independent of one another.
The four possible gametes produced by each parent are:
AaBb: AB, Ab, aB, ab
aabb: ab, ab, ab, ab
Thus, using a punnet square (see attached image), the possible 16 progenies will possess four different genotypes: AaBb (4), Aabb (4), aaBb(4), aabb(4)
Considering the four distinct genotypes, the phenotypes will also differ. Hence, the phenotypic ratio: 4:4:4:4 ~ 1:1:1:1
The main difference is the way how the three of those cycles are performed. For example, as nitrogen is abundant then it cannot be used by plants or animals in its gas form. The Carbon cycle does not need an especial process like the one of the Nitrogen. Plants can take carbon dioxide and is used for the photosyntesis process. All three cycles are found in soil. Oxygen cycles recycles the oxigen.
After a thorough research, I was able to found out the correct answer of the statements.
<span>Mosses that reproduce with gametes are___, and those that reproduce with spores are____
</span><span>Mosses that reproduce with gametes are "gametophytes", and those that reproduce with spores are "sporophytes."</span>