You cross maroon-eyed females to vestigial males and obtain all wild-type F1 progeny. Then you allow the F1 offspring to interbr
eed. As soon as the F2 offspring start to hatch, you begin to classify the flies. Among the first six newly hatched flies, you find four wild type, one vestigial-winged, red-eyed fly, and one vestigial-winged, maroon-eyed fly. You immediately conclude that: (1) mal is not X linked; and (2) mal is not linked to vg. How could you tell on the basis of this small sample
