There are more than 7,000 harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 250 are known to be harmful. Some of these chemicals are:
Nicotine
Formaldehyde
Lead
Arsenic
Ammonia
Radioactive elements such as Polonium-210
Benzene
How some of those chemicals affect the body:
Nicotine is highly addictive and can cause an increase in blood pressure, heart rate, flow of blood to the heart and a narrowing of the arteries (vessels that carry blood).
Symptoms for formaldehyde are watery eyes; burning sensations in the eyes, nose, and throat; coughing; wheezing; nausea; and skin irritation
High levels of lead may cause anemia, weakness, and kidney and brain damage. Very high lead exposure can cause death.
Arsenic poisoning occurs over a brief period of time, symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, encephalopathy, and watery diarrhea that contains blood. Long-term exposure can result in thickening of the skin, darker skin, abdominal pain, diarrhea, heart disease, numbness, and cancer.
High concentrations of ammonia in air causes immediate burning of the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory tract and can result in blindness, lung damage or death.
Answer: Option B,C, E and F
Explanation:
Action potential describe rise or fall of membrane potential of a particular cell location. This happen when neuron send impulses away from cell body. During action potential, one of the neural membrane opens so as to allow positively charged ions inside the cells and negatively charged ions to move outside the cell.
1. Tim's symptoms include deteriorated coordination, stamina and school performance, nausea, painful joints and an abnormal increase in growth rate. His personality also changed which manifested as depressive mood, introversion, anxiety and tension. These symptoms could indicate an endocrinological problem, therefore the organ system which could be associated with them is the thyroid gland.
2. The thyroid gland is an organ of the endocrine system which is located in the neck, behind Adam's apple. It regulates metabolism, protein synthesis and development. It does so by producing a number of hormones: calcitonin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. The two thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine) regulate the body's metabolism by controlling the way cells produce and consume energy.
3. Hyperthyroidism is an endocrine condition in which there is an overproduction of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. Under these conditions, the thyroid gland proves to be overactive and the main symptom is the acceleration of the metabolism. Tim's sudden increase of growth rate and inability to gain weight, along with his nervousness and mood swings, and his fatigue and loss of energy could indicate a problem of hyperthyroidism.
4. Cortisol is a steroid hormone which is produced by the thyroid gland. It is often called as the "stress hormone" as it is released in response to a stressful situation. It is also released in response to low blood glucose concentration. Some of cortisol's functions are the increase in blood sugar, the suppression of the immune system and bone formation. Cortisol is also involved in the metabolism of macronutrients.
Answer
Two structures located in the diencephalon are hypothalamus and epithalamus
Explanation
The diencephalon of the human brain has four main structures which are the hypothalamus, the thalamus, the epithalamus and the subthalamus. Thalamus structure is at the center of the brain which relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus regulates the temperature of the body while the epithalamus maintains the circadian rhythms.
Answer:
approximately 4.5 billion years ago
Explanation:
