1. The conjugate acid-base pairs are HCl/Cl- and NH3/NH4+. They can be changed into one another by proton transfer.

2. The acid in the reaction is the molecule that has the lowest pKa value or (simply) gives their proton away the easiest. The pKa of HCl is around 3 I think while ammonia’s is around 35. This means HCl is the acid here. In the other reaction (backwards) you can see that NH4+ gives a proton to the chloride ion. To give a proton = acid. So the acids are HCl and NH4+ and the bases are NH3 and Cl-.

An important rule is: The stronger the acid/base, the weaker its conjugate base/acid.

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4 years ago

for the substituted cyclohexane compound shown, identify the atoms that are trans to the bromo substituent.

hodyreva [135]

Substituents are trans to each other if the appear on opposite sides in the structure. C, E, G, H and K are trans to the bromo substituent.

The substituted cyclohexane compound is shown in the image attached. Two substituents in a compound are trans to each other if they appear on opposite sides of the structure. Cis substituents appear on the same side of the structure.

Considering the structure as shown in the image attached, the substituents that are trans to the bromo substituent are the substituents shown as letters C, E, G, H and K. They lie opposite to the bromo substituent.

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