Answer:
CD40L
Explanation:
The CD40 ligand (CD40L) protein is a transmembrane glycoprotein which is expressed on activated T cells and belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. The hyper IgM syndrome is caused by mutations in the CD40L gene, where the defective protein can no longer bind CD40 on antigen-presenting cells. The X-linked Hyper IgM syndrome is characterized by abnormal levels of immunoglobulins, i.e., low levels of IgG and IgA, and increased/normal levels of IgM. Because CD40L gene is located on the X chromosome, this disorder is observed much more frequently in males than in females.
The answer is; in the summer
Insects such as blowflies increase their population in the summers when the temperatures are warm. One reason is that most insects are ectotherms hence their body temperatures are dependent on ambient environmental temperatures. In addition, the maggot stage of the blowfly pupates mostly in warm and dry conditions hence increasing winged flies populations in the summer.
Answer:
Explanation:
Pollution: The farming of marine fish, crustaceans and even bivalves produces waste in the form of fecal matter and unused feed. These largely nitrogen-based wastes can cause oxygen depletion in coastal environments and a net loss of marine productivity in certain coastal areas.
The presence of the minute growth near the disc signifies that the bacterial innoculum contains mutant microorganisms that are able to grow in the presence of toxic substances.
<h3>What are zones of inhibition?</h3>
The sensitivity testing in a microbiology laboratory is done to determine the effect of antibiotics on various bacteria organisms
The zone of inhibition when a disk method is used signifies the area of media where bacteria are unable to grow, due to presence of a drug that impedes their growth.
If there are presence of minute growth near the disc, it means that the bacterial innoculum contains mutant microorganisms that are able to grow in the presence of toxic substances such as disinfectants.
If these mutant bacteria organisms are not cleared by the disk method, it means that they cannot be killed by the disinfectant/antiseptics that is being tested.
Learn more about antiseptics here:
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