Answer:
The correct answer is option b. "the citric acid cycle".
Explanation:
The citric acid cycle is one of the most important pathways of the cellular metabolism because of its role in energy production and biosynthesis. The citric acid cycle is where most of the CO2 from catabolism is released. This happens by the release of two molecules of CO2 per turn in the cycle, using the two atoms of carbon from acetyl CoA.
there are not any options
Answer: True.
Explanation:
Glycolysis is a process that occurs in the cell cytoplasm, in which a 6-carbon glucose molecule is cleaved into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules. Two molecules of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that acts as a source of energy to perform biological processes.) and two molecules of NADH are also obtained. It is a metabolic pathway responsible for oxidizing glucose in order to obtain energy for the cell. It consists of a series of consecutive enzymatic reactions, and when pyruvate is obtained, it continues to be used in other metabolic pathways in order to continue delivering energy to the organism. Glycolysis takes place both in the absence and presence of oxygen, so it is defined as an anaerobic process. Therefore, the final destination of the products obtained in glycolysis will depend on the conditions of the environment in which it is found, which will determine the metabolic pathway to be followed (i.e., whether oxygen is available or not). <u>In the absence of oxygen, glucose will not be completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, generating fermentative products</u> (lactic acid in animals and ethanol in yeast) producing only two net ATP molecules. <u>In the presence of oxygen, the pyruvate obtained during glycolysis enters the Krebs cycle</u> (to produce energy in usable form as ATP or GTP) <u>and then undergoes oxidative phosphorylation</u> (the process by which ATP is formed as a result of electron transfer from NADH or FADH2 to oxygen via a series of electron transporters) producing a net gain of between 36-38 ATP.
Answer:
The question is incomplete, the missing part i.e. the environmental change is:
(A) biomagnification
(B) acid rain
(C) eutrophication
The answers are:
1. Acid rain- Chemicals react with water and oxygen that enter water systems.
2. Eutrophication- Nutrients in excessive amounts enter water systems, causing algal bloom.
3. Biomagnification- A high concentration of toxic chemicals is present in the bodies of animals at the highest trophic levels
Explanation:
1. Acid rain is an environmental disorder in which rainfall becomes acidic due to pollution. The pollution is as a result of the release of gaseous chemicals e.g sulfur, nitrogen oxide, which are produced by industries, into the atmosphere. These chemicals then react with water in the atmosphere to form acidic solutions, which then falls back as rain. Hence, chemicals reacting with water and oxygen that enter water systems describes ACID RAIN.
2. Eutrophication is the pollution of water bodies with substances containing chemicals like nitrogen, phosphorus etc. The chemicals, which are in excess, serve as nutrients to algae, which uses them to grow excessively forming a bloom called ALGA BLOOM. Hence, nutrients in excessive amounts entering water systems, causing algal bloom describes EUTROPHICATION.
3. Biomagnification refers to the build up or accumulation of toxic chemical substances in the body systems of living organisms higher up in the food chain. Pollutants like pesticides, herbicides flow into water bodies and are absorbed by certain aquatic organisms. When these organisms are fed on by consumers, the harmful substances accumulates in their tissues until it reaches a maximum concentration. Hence, a high concentration of toxic chemicals present in the bodies of animals at the highest trophic levels describes BIOMAGNIFICATION.