Answer:
The fact that most eukaryotes reproduce sexually is evidence of its evolutionary success. In many animals, it is actually the only mode of reproduction. The genetic diversity of sexually-produced offspring is thought to give species a better chance of surviving in an unpredictable or changing environment.
(D) Most of the best sites are inaccessible by land transportation, so making roads to them is often prohibitively expensive.
<h3>What is a Reserve?</h3>
A nature reserve, also referred to as a wildlife refuge, a wildlife sanctuary, a biosphere reserve or bioreserve, a natural or nature preserve, or a nature conservation area, is a protected area that is important for its flora, fauna, or features of geological or other special interest. It is reserved and managed for conservation efforts as well as to offer unique opportunities for study and research.
In some nations, government agencies may designate them, as well as private landowners like charities and research facilities. Depending on the level of protection provided by local regulations, nature reserves are classified into various IUCN categories. It is typically subject to stricter protection than a natural park. In laws and official documents, different jurisdictions may use different wording, such as ecological protection area or private protected area.
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Before DNA can be replicated, the double stranded molecule must be “unzipped” into two single strands. DNA has four bases called adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G) that form pairs between the two strands. Adenine only pairs with thymine and cytosine only binds with guanine. In order to unwind DNA, these interactions between base pairs must be broken. This is performed by an enzyme known as DNA helicase. DNA helicase disrupts the hydrogen bonding between base pairs to separate the strands into a Y shape known as the replication fork. This area will be the template for replication to begin.
Step 2: Primer Binding
The leading strand is the simplest to replicate. Once the DNA strands have been separated, a short piece of RNA called a primer binds to the 3' end of the strand. The primer always binds as the starting point for replication. Primers are generated by the enzyme DNA primase.
Step 3: Elongation
Enzymes known as DNA polymerases are responsible creating the new strand by a process called elongation. There are five different known types of DNA polymerases in bacteria and human cells. In bacteria such as E. coli, polymerase III is the main replication enzyme, while polymerase I, II, IV and V are responsible for error checking and repair. DNA polymerase III binds to the strand at the site of the primer and begins adding new base pairs complementary to the strand during replication. In eukaryotic cells, polymerases alpha, delta, and epsilon are the primary polymerases involved in DNA replication. Because replication proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction on the leading strand, the newly formed strand is continuous.
Step 4: Termination
Once both the continuous and discontinuous strands are formed, an enzyme called exonuclease removes all RNA primers from the original strands. These primers are then replaced with appropriate bases. Another exonuclease “proofreads” the newly formed DNA to check, remove and replace any errors. Another enzyme called DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments together forming a single unified strand. The ends of the linear DNA present a problem as DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the 5′ to 3′ direction. The ends of the parent strands consist of repeated DNA sequences called telomeres. Telomeres act as protective caps at the end of chromosomes to prevent nearby chromosomes from fusing.
So if that here are the functions of enzymes used:
DNA helicase - unwinds and separates double stranded DNA as it moves along the DNA. It forms the replication fork by breaking hydrogen bonds between nucleotide pairs in DNA.
DNA primase - a type of RNA polymerase that generates RNA primers. Primers are short RNA molecules that act as templates for the starting point of DNA replication.
DNA polymerases - synthesize new DNA molecules by adding nucleotides to leading and lagging DNA strands.
Topoisomerase or DNA Gyrase - unwinds and rewinds DNA strands to prevent the DNA from becoming tangled or supercoiled.
Exonucleases - group of enzymes that remove nucleotide bases from the end of a DNA chain.
DNA ligase - joins DNA fragments together by forming phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides.
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Answer:
Bison have limited type of natural predators.
Explanation:
A Bison is a land animal which has a similar appearance to that of a buffalo. They are known to be fast,agile and strong.
A prairie habitat is an ecosystem that is considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists due to the similarities in the temperate climates, moderate rainfall and composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs instead of trees as the main and common vegetation type.
This habitat consists of animals and reptiles such as bison, coyote, antelope, badger, elk, prairie dog, otters, foxes,lizards.
This represents a limited number of predators for the Bison
