One particular organization that fought for racial equality was the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) founded in 1909. For about the first 20 years of its existence, it tried to persuade Congress and other legislative bodies to enact laws that would protect African Americans from lynchings and other racist actions. Beginning in the 1930s, though, the NAACP's Legal Defense and Education Fund began to turn to the courts to try to make progress in overcoming legally sanctioned discrimination. From 1935 to 1938, the legal arm of the NAACP was headed by Charles Hamilton Houston. Houston, together with Thurgood Marshall, devised a strategy to attack Jim Crow laws by striking at them where they were perhaps weakest—in the field of education. Although Marshall played a crucial role in all of the cases listed below, Houston was the head of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund while Murray v. Maryland and Missouri ex rel Gaines v. Canada were decided. After Houston returned to private practice in 1938, Marshall became head of the Fund and used it to argue the cases of Sweat v. Painter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma Board of Regents of Higher Education.
In September 1786, delegates from five states met at what became known as the Annapolis Convention to discuss the need for reversing the protectionist interstate trade barriers that each state had erected. At its conclusion, delegates voted to invite all states to a larger convention to be held in Philadelphiain 1787. The Confederation Congress later endorsed this convention "for the sole and ex…
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Answer:
harappa
Explanation:
At Harappan sites, there is a clear division of the citadel and lower towns. The site of Dholavira is divided into three regions that are upper, middle and lower town. Therefore the clear evidences of social division directed us towards the proximity of two dominant groups: religious and political. Separation of temples and fortresses from the lower town made these hypotheses stronger to believe in.
Answer:
The Himalayas in the west and the Gobi in the north were two important geographic barriers. They made the spread of ideas and goods between the ancient Chinese and others outside the region difficult. The early Chinese were so isolated that they came to believe that China was the world's only civilization.
Explanation:
<span>The delegates who attended the Philadelphia Convention all had diverse, yet similar, personal characteristics. The main one would be perseverance. The gentlemen knew what they wanted and refused to give up until they got it. Another characteristic would be resilience; they were able to thrive in some of the most challenging conditions and learn from them.</span>
