<span>R group (or side chain) is an organic component of amino acids that is unique to each amino acid. </span> <span>Three of the amino acids have basic side chains at neutral pH: arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), and histidine (His). Their side chains contain nitrogen and resemble ammonia, which is a base and their pKa's are high enough that they tend to bind protons, (positive charge). Aspartic acid or aspartate (Asp) and glutamic acid or glutamate (Glu) are acidic amino acids because their side chains have carboxylic acid groups whose pKa's are low enough to lose protons, (negatively charged). The non-polar amino acids contain uncharged functional groups<span> at physiological pH and are incapable of participating in hydrogen bonding. </span></span>
The fetus can be screened for abnormalities using karyotyping and biochemical analysis using amniocentesis and chorionic villus sample.
<h3>What data can we glean from CVS and amniocentesis?</h3>
In at-risk fetuses, these tests can detect genetic illnesses such cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, and sickle cell disease. The main benefit of CVS over amniocentesis is that it is done considerably earlier in pregnancy—at 10 to 13 weeks as opposed to 15 to 20 weeks—thus saving more time for the mother.
<h3>What can a couple learn about their growing fetus from amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling?</h3>
Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) are prenatal diagnostic techniques used to identify certain fetal genetic disorders. The likelihood of miscarriage rises with both procedures.
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Answer:
They protect you against illness and disease. Think of white blood cells as your immunity cells. In a sense, they are always at war. They flow through your bloodstream to fight viruses, bacteria, and other foreign invaders that threaten your health.
Answer:
One fertilizes the egg, and the other combines with the two polar nuclei.
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