We are learning about that in my cell biology class.a cytoskeleton is like your muscles because it can contract like muscles which gives the cell shape,strength,and make it divide.
Answer:
Each FADH2 yields about 1.5 ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.
Explanation:
Most of the ATP molecules are produced by oxidative phosphorylation, not by substrate-level phosphorylation. During glycolysis, 2 ATP molecules per glucose are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation. Similarly, Kreb's cycle also yields 2 ATP per glucose by substrate-level phosphorylation.
For each pair of electrons transferred to O2 from FADH2 via electron transport chain, 4 and 2 protons are pumped from matrix towards the intermembrane space by complex III and complex IV respectively. It generates the proton concentration gradient required to drive the synthesis of 1.5 ATP molecules. Since oxidation of FADH2 is coupled to the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP, the process is called oxidative phosphorylation.
the three kinds of nitrogenous wastes based on the energy required to synthesize them are arranged; Ammonia < urea < uric acid.
Nitrogenous wastes are the nitrogen compounds that organisms use to get rid of excess nitrogen. Ammonia, urea, and uric acid are the most common nitrogenous wastes that animals excrete. Protein metabolism generates all of these nitrogenous wastes.
Ammonia is the most toxic of these nitrogenous wastes, and it is the most common but requires the least energy. Urea is more harmful than uric acid, but it is less harmful than ammonia, reducing the amount of energy required to synthesize it. Uric acid is the least harmful, a non-poisonous particle with four nitrogen molecules. This is useful for birds and reptiles that lay hard eggs because it eliminates the most nitrogen, uses the least amount of water, and is not toxic. It also takes the most energy input.
Know more about urea here: brainly.com/question/14453829
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Increase in urbanization will lead to increase in the number of people who are living in an urban area and it will also lead to increase in development in that area. The increase in development can come in form of construction of industries, which release large amount of waste products that pollute the air. This will lead to air pollution and reduce air quality. Development can also be in form of availability of electricity, that makes it possible for people to operate different electrical gadgets such as radio and television, which can result in noise pollution. Increase in the number of people who operate motor vehicles will also lead to increase in air pollution, which is caused by fossils fuel.
where its free (unbound) concentration is lower
