The nurse should administer an injection of glucagon for a child older than 2 years of age with type 1 diabetes mellitus who has a blood level of 52.
<h3>What is Diabetes mellitus?</h3>
- Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a chronic (long-lasting) disease. It could begin at any age. A pump or insulin injections must be used to replace the pancreas' natural insulin.
- Diabetes is a condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin or to utilize it properly.
- Diabetes type 1 is an autoimmune condition. The immune system of the body harms the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas.
- Insulin is a hormone which makes it easier for the body's cells to absorb blood sugar (glucose) to be utilized as fuel.
- Glucose builds up in the blood when it cannot enter the cells. The term for this is high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). Problems with high blood sugar can arise wherever in the body.
<h3>Treatments for patients with Diabetes:</h3>
- For children with type 1 diabetes, daily insulin injections are required to maintain normal blood glucose levels.
- Insulin can be administered through an insulin pump or an injection.
- Consuming the proper foods to control blood sugar levels. This covers meal planning and carbohydrate tracking.
- Reducing blood sugar levels by exercising.
- Routine blood tests to monitor blood sugar levels.
- Regular ketone level checks in the urine
<h3>Related complications with Diabetes:</h3>
- Ketoacidosis may result from type 1 diabetes. When blood sugar is this high, the body begins to produce ketones.
- Hypoglycemia which is reduced blood sugar. An insulin response is another name for this phenomenon. When blood glucose levels fall too low, this happens.
<h3>What is Hypoglycemia?</h3>
- When the blood sugar (glucose) level is too low, hypoglycemia occurs. The primary fuel for the body and the brain is glucose.
- Blood glucose levels should be between 70 and 140 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). The amount varies depending on the most recent meal and other factors, such as any medications taken.
- Once they are above 100 dg/dL, blood sugar levels should be monitored every 15 to 20 minutes.
- A glucagon injection can be required if the child has severe hypoglycemia.
- For effective functioning, the brain requires blood glucose. The brain's capacity to function can be compromised by a lack of glucose.
- Hypoglycemia that is severe or persistent can lead to seizures and severe brain damage.
- It could be a standalone disorder or a consequence of diabetes or another ailment.
<h3> Treatment for Hypoglycemia:</h3>
- Children with type 1 diabetes or other illnesses that could result in hypoglycemia must adhere to their care plan.
- It's critical to regularly test blood glucose, identify symptoms, and start treating the illness right away.
- Additionally, it's critical to follow a regular eating routine and medication schedule.
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