Answer:
G1 and G2
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Answer:
Problems with transfection efficiency or absence of essential mRNA modifications (capping and poly-A tail)
Explanation:
Translation is the process of protein synthesis from RNA in which the genetic information encoded in a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is translated into a protein sequence composed of amino acids. Translation has three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. During translation, different elements are required to initiate, continue and complete the process, which include essential molecules such as amino acids, mRNA, tRNAs, ribosomes, energy-carrying molecules (i.e., ATP, GTP), initiation factors (i.e., eIF1A, eIF3, etc) and elongation factors (eEF-2, EIF5A). For example, humans can't synthesize nine essential amino acids (i.e., threonine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, valine, methionine, leucine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine), thereby it is imperative to include these amino acids to synthesize proteins composed of them. On the other hand, it is also fundamental to take into account that the efficiency of transfection of the molecules required during translation, as well as the absence of modifications in the mature mRNA sequence, may alter the process in vitro.
Answer:
Autonomic regulation of heart is via two reflex centers that are found in medulla oblongata
Explanation:
Medulla oblongata contain long stem that makes the upper part of brain case and this is a cone shaped structure which is responsible for autonomic regulation like controlling heart rate,vomiting,respiration,breathing etc.
The heart rate is controlled by autonomic nervous system that are mainly sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system that releases hormones like catecholamine (epinephrine and non epinephrine) which helps in controlling the heart rate.
Medulla oblongata mainly connects the brain with the spinal cord that are responsible for responsible for the autonomic functions which contain -
Controlling the ventilation via signalling system regulated by chemo receptors which detects change in acidity of the blood.
Acts on cardiovascular centers.
Controlling the reflex centers like vomiting,coughing,sneezing,swallowing etc.
False
Most living things use glucose to make ATP from oxygen
Answer:
The number of chloroplasts per cell varies from one, in unicellular algae, up to 100 in plants like Arabidopsis and wheat.
