Functionalism- <span>19th-century school of psychology influenced by Darwin's theory of natural selection that argued it was better to look at why the mind works the way it does than to describe its parts. Also used introspection.</span>
Many things can cause shortness of breath, but the most common are asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis, lung cancer, anxiety, an allergic reaction, a lung injury, obesity, heart dysfunction, COPD and many many more things.
As for treating this, see your physician. Hope I helped you!