Answer:
Copper ions are reduced into copper atoms.
Cu²⁺₍aq₎ + 2e⁻ → Cu₍s₎
Explanation:
During electrolysis, the positive H⁺ and Cu⁺ ions move to the negative cathode and negative OH⁻ and Cl⁻ ions move to the positive anode.
At cathode, copper ions are preferentially discharged due to the low electromotive force required to discharge them compared to the hydrogen ion. The copper ions gain the two electrons lost by the chloride ions when the are discharged. (2 Cl⁻₍aq₎ → Cl₂₍g₎ + 2e⁻)
Thus the half equation is as follows:
Cu²⁺₍aq₎ + 2e⁻ → Cu₍s₎
start the balancing by writing down how many atoms there are per element. we’ll use this as an example:
C3H8 + O2 --> H2O + CO2
C = 3 C = 1
H = 8 H = 2
O = 2 O = 3
balance the carbon first, as it is easiest to do. add a coefficient to the single carbon atom on the right of the equation to balance it with the 3 carbon atoms on the left of the equation:
C3H8 + O2 --> H2O + (3)CO2
now there are 3 carbon atoms on each side. however, when you do this, you multiply the amount of oxygen atoms you had. therefore, now, there are 6 carbon atoms in 3CO2, plus that other oxygen atom in H2O. you now have 7 O atoms instead of 3.
C = 3 C = 3
H = 8 H = 2
O = 2 O = 7
now let’s move on to the hydrogen atoms.
C3H8 + O2 --> H2O + 3CO2
you have 8 hydrogen atoms on the left side, and 2 on the right. in order to balance them, you have to multiply the right side’s hydrogen atoms by 4. 4(2) = 8.
C3H8 + O2 --> (4)H2O + 3CO2
now both hydrogen and carbon atoms are balanced. same amount on both sides. however, your oxygen atoms have changed due to the multiplying (right side). you now have 10 of them.
C = 3 C = 3
H = 8 H = 8
O = 2 O = 10
now we balance the oxygen atoms. multiply the left side of the equation’s oxygen atoms by 5. 5(2) = 10
C3H8 + (5)O2 --> 4H2O + 3CO2
the chemical equation is all balanced. basically, just multiply with numbers until it equals the same amount on both sides.
C = 3 C = 3
H = 8 H = 8
O = 10 O = 10
A Lithium atom that has lost ONE Electron, is called a Lithium Ion (Li+).
Answer:
An element X reacts with oxygen to form XO
and with chlorine to form XCl
. XO
is a white solid that melts at high temperatures (above 1000 degrees C). Under usual conditions, XCl
is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 58 degrees C.
Explanation:
