Answer:
peristalsis.
Explanation:
When the food enters the esophagus, it is in the form of a bolus. During this esophageal stage of swallowing, there are rhythmic contractions and relaxation of the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis of the GI tract. It is called peristalsis. This pushes the bolus downwards. Peristalsis in the esophagus is controlled by the medulla oblongata.
As the food enters the stomach, waves of peristalsis pass over the stomach every 15 to 25 seconds. The peristaltic waves in the stomach start at its body and become more intense as they reach the antrum. It moves gastric contents from the body of the stomach down into the antrum, a process known as propulsion.
Respiration is the ability to break down nutrients to make energy, so the answer should be the fourth option.
Answer:
I'm sorry but there is no picture above you-
Answer;
-Down the concentration gradients; evenly distributed
Diffusing molecules move down the concentration gradients until they are evenly distributed.
Explanation;
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
-Whenever a substance exists in greater concentration on one side of a semipermeable membrane, such as cell membranes, any substance that can move down its concentration gradient across the membrane will do so. If the substances can move across the cell membrane without the cell expending energy, the movement of molecules is called passive transport.
-The mechanism of molecules moving across a cell membrane from the side where they are more concentrated to the side where they are less concentrated is a form of passive transport called simple diffusion.
In the beginning <span>of the RNA strand as a cap, a modified guanine nucleotide is added. After this, there is a removal of those segments of the RNA strand that do not actually code for the protein. And those RNA’s segments that do code for the protein are reconnected. And forking a tail, extra adenine nucleotides are added to the end of the RNA strand. The mRNA or messenger RNA which is already completed will then leave the nucleus. This whole process is called the RNA processing. Before the RNA copy of a protein encoding can be transported out of the nucleus and translated into protein, it must be first be modified in several ways. A precursor of mRNA, pre-mRNA is the primary transcription product of a gene. </span>
