Answer:
In Pavlov's classic study on classical conditioning, the bell was the <u>neutral stimulus </u>before conditioning and the <u>conditioned stimulus</u> after conditioning had occurred (option C).
Explanation:
Classical conditioning, proposed by Ivan Pavlov, establishes that two stimuli -one unconditioned that produces a response and one neutral- when associated, convert the neutral stimulus into a conditioned one with a response.
Pavlov's famous dog experiment laid the foundations of classical conditioning:
- A dog is capable of salivating at the sight of food.
- The same dog does not react to a bell.
- When the dog is shown the food and the bell rings, in repeated opportunities, the only sound of the bell will make it salivate, what is a conditioned response.
The bell, a neutral stimulus, and salivation have become a conditioned stimulus and response, respectively.
Regarding other options:
<em> a. A conditioned stimulus does not lead to an unconditioned one.
</em>
<em> b. A neutral stimulus does not result in reinforcement.
</em>
<em> c. Pavlov's experiment did not demonstrate the conversion of a conditioned stimulus into a neutral stimulus.</em>
False. The liver produces bile - the gallbladder just stores it (whether the person would be able to use that bile I'm not sure.)
Answer:
a) The absence of glucose in diet causes oxaloacetate to drop and also slows down the citric acid cycle.
b) odd numbered.
Explanation:
a) glucose gives out pyruvate through the process of glycolysis, and pyruvate is the main source of oxaloacetate. The absence of glucose in diet causes a drop in oxaloacetate and slows down the citric acid cycle.
b) odd numbered. The conversion of propionate to succinyl CoA provides a medium for both the citric acid cycle and four carbon precursors for gluconeogenesis.
