This scenario is one example of the Signal Detection Theory. It can be that Marge is interested with the topic of the upcoming election that is why she was able to pick up the conversation despite the background noise in the restaurant. This is also why Xavier was not able to hear that conversation.
The correct answer is punishment; punishment.
Answer 1: K<span>eleka's parents are using punishment. In Keleka's case, her parents are using negative punishment. Negative punishment is also known as punishment by removal. This means that an individual is punished by taking away or denying them of things that are pleasant or things that they like. When Keleka's parents punish her by not </span><span>allowing her to watch her favorite TV program, they are using negative punishment.
Answer 2: M</span><span>arnie's parents are also using punishment, however, in her case they are using <em>positive punishment</em>. Positive punishment involves punishing someone by the adding or introducing an unpleasant consequence or stimulus in order to deter unwanted behavior. By spanking Marnie, her parents are adding an unpleasant or aversive stimulus and thus using positive punishment. </span>
<u>Rules- </u>
There are many ways that people can influence our behavior, but perhaps one of the most important is that the presence of others seems to set up expectations
We do not expect people to behave randomly but to behave in certain ways in particular situations. Each social situation entails its own particular set of expectations about the “proper” way to behave. Such expectations can vary from group to group.
One way in which these expectations become apparent is when we look at the roles that people play in society.
<u>Norms- </u>Social norms are the unwritten rules of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that are considered acceptable in a particular social group or culture. Norms provide us with an expected idea of how to behave, and function to provide order and predictability in society. For example, we expect students to arrive to a lesson on time and complete their work.
The idea of norms provides a key to understanding social influence in general and conformity in particular. Social norms are the accepted standards of behavior of social groups.
These groups range from friendship and workgroups to nation-states. behavior which fulfills these norms is called conformity, and most of the time roles and norms are powerful ways of understanding and predicting what people will do.
There are norms defining appropriate behavior for every social group. For example, students, neighbors and patients in a hospital are all aware of the norms governing behavior. And as the individual moves from one group to another, their behavior changes accordingly.
Norms provide order in society. It is difficult to see how human society could operate without social norms. Human beings need norms to guide and direct their behavior, to provide order and predictability in social relationships and to make sense of and understanding of each other’s actions. These are some of the reasons why most people, most of the time, conform to social norms.
The wealth of these city-states were flourishing, and it is visible because of the infrastructure being built. Note that better infrastructure is an opportunity for better trade. Trade = wealth.
