Considering the available options, Taxes are costly to market participants because <u>All of the above is correct</u>.
This is evident in that taxes are costly to market participants because they "transfer resources from market participants to the government."
The resources here are capital resources which come in the form of money.
Also, taxes are costly to market participants as it alters the incentives to buy or conduct business.
Again, taxes are costly to market participants because they alter or affect the market outcomes.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is option D. "All of the above is correct."
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