Answer:
a. Undifferentiated products and variable prices in the various channels.
Explanation:
Horizontal Channel Conflicts arises when there is disagreement between two or more members of the channel. If the toy manufacturer sells toys to toy store and department stores, a possible reason for disagreement could be on variable price among the two channels.
Answer: decrease ; less saving
Explanation:As people attempt to save more, the result is both a decline in output and unchanged saving. Although people want to save more at a given level of income, their income decreases by an amount such that their saving is unchanged. As people save more at their initial level of income, they decrease their consumption. But this decreased consumption decreases demand, which decreases production. A change in autonomous spending has a different effect on output than the actual change in autonomous spending.
Answer:
c) a firm does not have sufficient time to change the level of use some of its inputs.
Explanation:
The definition of short-run in economics is not a term to be used for a specific certain period of time but it means that the period of time is too short that the firms cannot change the level they are using of some of their inputs or costs. It means they do have fixed costs they cannot change. For example, all machinery installed, a yearly rent paid, electricity or others that the firm cannot change unless there is sufficient time. In a short period of time, it will have those costs anyway. The firm cannot change the level of that input. And it is short run of at least one input. It may be many. But it is not necessary to have all inputs unchanged to consider that period of time as short-run.
However, firms can change level of inputs if they have more time. That is cost the long run. All costs are variable costs when we are in long run.
Answer: When assessing the risks of investment, one should consider the political, economic, and legal risks of doing business in either Russia or Poland. The risk in Russia would probably be considered higher than the risk in Poland since Poland has been a member state of the European Union since 1 May 2004, with the Treaty of Accession 2003 signed on 16 April 2003 in Athens as the legal basis for Poland's accession to the EU.
Poland has already gained benefits and stability offered by the EU. Russia, by contrast, is still many years away from even being in a position to be considered by the EU for membership.
Explanation: A diligent investor wouldn't put a penny in a risky country.
