In ΔABC, D and E are the midpoints of AB and AC respectively. We know that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of square of their corresponding sides. Hence, the ratio of the areas ΔADE and ΔABC is ar(ΔADE) : ar(ΔABC) = 1 : 4.
At the start the temperature is -7 overnight it gets 12 degrees warmer so -7+12 =5 degrees than during the day it gets 12 degrees warmer so 5+12= 17 degrees