Question

Determine the following probabilities. Enter your final answers as reduced fractions. Two coins are flipped. Find the probability that the first coin land on heads and the second coin lands on heads. Two cards are drawn from a deck of 52 cards. The first card is replaced before drawing the second card. Find the probability that the first card is black and the second card is a 8. A single digit between 0 and 9 is randomly chosen, and a single letter from A to Z is randomly chosen. Find the probability that the number is 4 and the letter is a consonant. Two dice are rolled. Find the probability that first die lands on an even number and the second die is less than 2.

Answer 1

The probability of an event occurring is given by the ratio of the number of

possible outcome to the number of required outcome.

• First question: The probability that the first coin lands on heads and the second coin lands on tails is 0.25.

• Second question: The probability of drawing a black card and then a 8 is $\underline{\dfrac{1}{13}}$.

• Third question: The probability that the number chosen is 4 and the letter chosen is a consonant, is $\underline{\dfrac{21}{234}}$.

• Fourth question: The probability that the first die lands on an even number and the second die is less than 2, is $\underline{\dfrac{1}{12}}$.

Reasons:

First question:

The number of faces in a coin = 2; A head or a tail

The probability that the first coin lands on heads, P(H) = $\dfrac{1}{2}$

The probability that the second coin lands on tails, P(T) = $\dfrac{1}{2}$

The probability that the first coin lands on heads and the second coin lands

on tails = P(H ∩ T)

Which gives;

$P(H \cap T) = \dfrac{1}{2} \times \dfrac{1}{2} = \dfrac{1}{4}$

The probability that the first coin lands on heads and the second coin lands on tails = $\dfrac{1}{4}$ = 0.25

Second question:

The number of black cards in a pack of 52 = 26 cards

The number of cards that are a 8 in a pack of 52 cards = 8 cards

$\mathrm{The \ probability \ of \ drawing \ a \ black \ card}, \ P(B) = \dfrac{26}{52} = \dfrac{1}{2}$

$\mathrm{The \ probability \ of \ drawing \ a \ 8,} \ P(8) = \dfrac{8}{52} = \dfrac{2}{13}$

The probability of drawing a black card and then an 8, P(B∩8), is given as follows;

$P(B \cap 8) = \dfrac{1}{2} \times \dfrac{2}{13} = \dfrac{1}{13}$

The probability of drawing a black card and then a 8 is P(B∩8) = $\underline{\dfrac{1}{13}}$

Third question:

The probability that a number chosen between 0 and 9 is 4, P(4) = $\dfrac{1}{9}$

The number of consonant in the alphabet = 21

The probability that a letter chosen from A to Z is a consonant, P(C) = $\dfrac{21}{26}$

The probability that the number chosen is 4 and the letter chosen is a consonant, P(4 ∩ C)  = $\dfrac{1}{9} \times \dfrac{21}{26} = \underline{ \dfrac{21}{234}}$

Fourth question:

The number of even numbers on a die = 3; (2, 4, 6)

The number of numbers less than 2 on a die = 1

The probability that the first die lands on an even number, P(E) = $\dfrac{3}{6}$

The probability that the second die is less than 2. P(<2) = $\dfrac{1}{6}$

Therefore;

The probability that the first die lands on an even number and the second die is less than 2, P(E ∩ <2) = $\dfrac{3}{6} \times \dfrac{1}{6} = \dfrac{3}{36} = \underline{\dfrac{1}{12}}$

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