Explanation:
Any change in the equilibrium is studied on the basis of Le-Chatelier's principle.
This principle states that if there is any change in the variables of the reaction, the equilibrium will shift in the direction to minimize the effect.
- On addition of reactant at equilibrium shifts the equilibrium in forward direction.
- On addition of product at equilibrium shifts the equilibrium in backward direction.
- On removal of reactant at equilibrium shifts the equilibrium in backward direction.
- On removal of product at equilibrium shifts the equilibrium in forward direction.
Reactants = A , B
Product = C
1. Increase A
On increasing the amount of A at equilibrium will shift the equilibrium in forward or rightward direction.
2. Increase B
On increasing the amount of B at equilibrium will shift the equilibrium in forward or rightward direction.
3. Increase C
On increasing the amount of C at equilibrium will shift the equilibrium in backward or leftward direction.
4. Decease A
On decreasing the amount of A at equilibrium will shift the equilibrium in backward or leftward direction.
5. Decease B
On decreasing the amount of B at equilibrium will shift the equilibrium in backward or leftward direction.
6. Decease C
On decreasing the amount of C at equilibrium will shift the equilibrium in forward or rightward direction.
7. Double A and Halve B
Equilibrium constant of the reaction = K
![K=\frac{[C]^2}{[A][B]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5BC%5D%5E2%7D%7B%5BA%5D%5BB%5D%7D)
On doubling A and halving B, equilibrium constant of the reaction = K'
![K'=\frac{[C]^2}{[2A][\frac{B}{2}]}=\frac{[C]^2}{[A][B]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K%27%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5BC%5D%5E2%7D%7B%5B2A%5D%5B%5Cfrac%7BB%7D%7B2%7D%5D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5BC%5D%5E2%7D%7B%5BA%5D%5BB%5D%7D)
The value of equilibrium constant K' is equal to K, which means that equilibrium will not shift in any direction.
8. Double both B and C
Equilibrium constant of the reaction = K
On doubling B and C, equilibrium constant of the reaction = K'
![K'=\frac{[2C]^2}{[A][2B]}=\frac{4[C]^2}{[A][2B]}=\frac{2[C]^2}{[A][B]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K%27%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5B2C%5D%5E2%7D%7B%5BA%5D%5B2B%5D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%5BC%5D%5E2%7D%7B%5BA%5D%5B2B%5D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%5BC%5D%5E2%7D%7B%5BA%5D%5BB%5D%7D)
K' = 2 K
The value of equilibrium constant K' is double the K, which means that product is increasing which means that equilibrium will shift in backward or leftward direction.
