The capitalist economic system. A capitalist economy is a for profit one, where people engage in production and business dealing (e.g. trading) in order to produce private profit (e.g. wage).
B) General Cornwallis surrendered to General Washington
This is an example of inductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning happens when you make broad generalizations from specific observations. In this example, it suggests that since they can see the islands (observation), they must be on the highway (generalization). Inductive reasoning might not always be as accurate in some cases as deductive reasoning.