Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Yes, there is the presence of a threat.
This threat is known as instrumentation. There is an Instrumentation threat when changes are made in the instrument, or the changes are made in the researcher, or the scorer when the research is being carried out.
In this question, mrs smith is the one who is the researcher, the program of reinforcement can be called the instrument. She made errors during the first few week but started getting it right in the second week. So there is a slight change in these two weeks. Causing instrumentation threat to how valid the program is.
The researchers were following the ethical guideline that mandates <u>knowledge of results</u>.
<u>Explanation</u>:
Alcohol obstructs the storage ability of the brain. Alcohol influences information transfer from short-term memory to long-term storage. Hippocampus is a part of the brain which is mainly affected due to heavy drinking of alcohol. Hippocampus shrinks and reduces the size of brain cells.
Excessive drinking destroys brain tissue and can lead to several types of memory loss. Alcohol has immense effects on teens comparing to adults. Consumption of alcohol may lead to memory loss in teens.
