Answer:
The answer is uniformitarianism.
Explanation:
Uniformitarianism is the belief that natural laws have been the same at any time and place over the universe. For this reason, the understanding of present phenomena can be used to analyse past events, and even predict future outcomes.
<span>Negative punishment is being applied in this situation. The removal of items that Richard enjoys, is the result of missing curfew. When his parents take away his desired activities and items, then he is receiving a consequence, that being a form of negative punishment.</span>
Philosophy is a type of expression correct me if I’m wrong !
Imaginary war is a psychological warfare but in the brink of using nuclear warfare such as what happened during the cold war. They stopped using massive soldiers and be taken to alliance countries. The political benefit is power although they are just giving words it's already in the thin line of instigation. However, this created a negative impact on the people that anytime they are not sure if they would still live or not.
Tariff may be the word you're looking for.
