Contour interval. Noted on the map legend.
I hope this helps answer some of your questions.
Antarctic soils exist, in general, they comprise a surface pavement (i.e., a layer of gravel, stones or boulders formed largely by weathering and the removal of fine materials mainly by wind action) and a seasonally thawed active layer over permafrost.
1- physical
2-chemical
3-Physical
4-Chemical
5-I’m not sure
I haven’t done this in a while so these may be wrong sorry