Answer:
<h2>C. placing carrier proteins in the membrane.</h2>
Explanation:
If there is no barrier preventing molecules from moving molecules, then there will be large movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This passive process is known as diffusion. The phospholipid bilayer of a cell's membrane works as a barrier to large molecules, ions, and most hydrophilic molecules. Whereas small hydrophobic molecules can pass freely through the phospholipid bilayer, other molecules and ions are transported across the cell membrane with the help of transport proteins. Some transport proteins, allowing hydrophilic molecules and ions to passively move through them and across the cell membrane.
Examples: carrier proteins and channel proteins.
Placing carrier proteins in the cell membrane will allow the molecule to reach equal concentrations on the both the sides of the membrane and maintain that way over long time. In contrast, transport proteins known as pumps will use cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP, to transport molecules.
Placing equal numbers of intracellularly directed and extracellularly directed pumps would also equalize the concentrations of a molecule long over time. Pumps are to transport molecules against their concentration gradient, such as the sodium-potassium pump continuously moves sodium ions out of a cell.
Through the use of carrier proteins, there is equalization of concentrations of a hydrophilic molecule. This equalize the numbers of molecules on the inside and outside of the cell, but the pumps would continue moving the molecule inward, eventually resulting in more molecules inside of the cell than out.
Answer:
The next dose will be 1 g of ampicillin after 4 hours.
Intrapartum antibiotic administration to women with group B that tested ampicillin or penicillin G, either antibiotic should first be considered for(2 g of ampicillin IV followed by 1 g every four hours until giving birth.
Explanation:
Group B streptococci (GBS) colonizes the vagina and rectum in 10–30% of pregnant women.1 In the newborn, GBS is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and a major cause of pneumonia and meningitis.2
In 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued guidelines to recommend that all pregnant women be screened at 35–37 weeks of gestation for GBS and, if positive, treated with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. The aims of prophylaxis are 1) to decrease colony counts at the time of delivery; 2) to prevent the organism from ascending and proliferating in the amniotic fluid compartment; and 3) to achieve adequate levels of effective antibiotic in the fetal bloodstream during labor.
For Ampicillin nonallergic patients, the protocol recommends a 2 g unit infusion of ampicillin, followed by 1 g every 4 hours until delivery.3 At least 4 hours of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis are recommended.
Answer:
because they can donate blood to anyone
Explanation:
*The rate at which radioactive decay occurs.
*How much radioactive decay has occurred.
