Answer:
a) Pre-tax cost of debt is 8.45%
b) After tax cost of debt is 5.07%
Explanation:
a) Given:
Debt issue outstanding = $15.5 million
Semi-annual coupon rate = 0.063 / 2 = 0.0315
Assumed par value (FV) = $1,000
Coupon payment (pmt) = 0.0315 × 1000 = $31.5
Current bond price (PV) = 92% of $1,000 = $920
Time period (nper) = 5 × 2 = 10 periods
Calculate semi-annual rate using spreadsheet function =Rate(nper,pmt,PV,FV)
Semi-annual rate = 4.14%
Pmt and FV are negative as they are cash outflows.
YTM = 4.14 × 2 = 8.28%
Effective annual rate = 
= 
= 0.0845 or 8.45%
b) Tax rate is 40%
After tax cost of debt = Pre tax cost of debt × (1 - 0.4)
= 0.0845 × 0.6
= 0.0507 or 5.07%
Go to the stock market holders, or look it up online
Hope this helps!
Answer:
Explanation:
Ratio analysis is used as an instrument of cost control in two ways: (i) Ratios can be used to compare the performance of a business firm between two periods. It helps to identify areas which need immediate attention. (ii) Besides, standard ratios are used to compare actual areas.
Answer:
3 For example, redlining has been used to describe discriminatory practices by retailers, both brick-and-mortar and online. Reverse redlining is the practice of targeting neighborhoods (mostly non-white) for higher prices or lending on unfair terms such as predatory lending of subprime mortgages. A 2017 study by Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago economists found that redlining—the practice whereby banks discriminated against the inhabitants of certain neighborhoods—had a persistent adverse impact on the neighborhoods, with redlining affecting homeownership rates, home values and credit scores in 2010.
