Answer:
For the first one the answer is 1) Sodium/potassium pump. For the second one is 2) Active transport. For the last one is 3) b. passive transport osmosis.
Explanation:
1) Sodium/Potassium pump requires ATP for it to start carrying three sodiums to the extracellular fluid and two potassiums to the intracellular fluid.
2) During active transport molecules like glucose, use a protein channel to enter or leave the cell. Although in most cells, glucose goes through the membrane with pumps, it's not general, and in some cells other mechanisms are used. But glucose is always too big to enter the cell with other than active transport.
3) The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is an example of passive transport and osmosis. Water molecules are small enough to go through the cell membrane without any carrier, it also, goes with the gradient, and therefore osmosis happens.
Yesshh: flatworms, common worms ("ribbon worms"), clams, snails, octopuses, crustaceans, insects, spiders, brachiopods, sea stars, sea urchins, and vertebrates.
The answers;
1. Termination. Out of the 64 codons, UAG, UAA, and UGA are the stop codons that terminate translation when encountered by the ribosome. These three do not code for any amino acid but rather cause the translation complex to dislocate.
2. Translation. In this process, the ribosome ‘reads’ the codon and brings in a t-RNA with an anticodon to the codon. This tRNA carries a specific amino acid (for that codon) and engages in the P-site of the ribosome. The amino acid is taken from the t-RNA and used to elongate the polypeptide chain being formed. Thereafter the empty t-RNA dislocates.
3. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. When a tRNA brings in an amino acid to the initiation complex, it is dislocated when ‘empty’. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase then catalyzes the reattachment of another amino acid through a chemical reaction called esterification. The cognate tRNA then become an aminoacyl-tRNA.
4. tRNA . Every tRNA has an amino acid attached to it. The type of amino acid (out of the 22 amino acids) is determined by the anticodon on the tRNA. There are many codons that are amino acids meaning that there are redundant codons that specify for the same amino acid.
5. Initiation. Initiation begins by the formation of an initiation complex. This complex is comprosed by the two subunits of the ribosome, and the mRNA. The complex becomes compelete when a Met-tRNA (a tRNA with a methionine amino acid) engages the P-site and then translation begins.
Answer: A carbohydrate is a simple sugar. Its basic structure is composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with generally twice the hydrogen as carbon and oxygen. In its simplest form, a carbohydrate is a chain of sugar molecules called monosaccharides.
Explanation:
Keeps the trees from catching things, the trees are healthy and would grow bigger.
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