Answer:
thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable.
Explanation:
The complete question is as follows:
Under physiological conditions, peptide bond formation and degradation both require enzymes, but only formation requires coupling to GTP hydrolysis. Based on this information, peptide bonds under physiological conditions are:
A. both thermodynamically and kinetically stable.
B.thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable.
C.thermodynamically stable but kinetically unstable.
D. both thermodynamically and kinetically unstable.
- The term thermodynamically unstable refers to the fact that the peptide bonds are prone to breakage under physiological conditions.
- The reason why one can conclude the thermodynamic instability of the peptide bonds under physiological condition is that there is a need for a source of energy i.e. GTP hydrolysis for the formation of the peptide bond.
- The fact that the breakage of peptide does not require any input of energy but the only formation does confirms the fact that under physiological conditions they are thermodynamically unstable.
- Even though they are thermodynamically unstable, they are kinetically stable because both the formation and degradation require enzymes.
- The function of enzymes is to decrease the activation energy and hence, increase the rate of reaction. This means that if the enzymes are absent the rate of breakage of peptide bonds would be really slow this points out to the fact that they are kinetically stable under physiological conditions.
Answer:
The human body needs a list of macromolecules and micromolecules for performing day to day functions.
The essential macronutrients that the body requires are:
Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are required by the cells in the body to carry out normal day to day functions. Energy is provided in the form of calories by the carbohydrates.
Proteins: Proteins are essential nutrients which are required for growth as well as better functioning of the immune cells of the body.
Fats and oils: These are needed for providing insulation to the body and to store energy.
Fibres: These are a mixture of carbohydrates.
Water: Almost every activity of the body requires water.
The essential micronutrients that the body requires are:
Vitamins: Vitamins are a group of substances which are needed by the body to function normally.
Minerals: Mineral are needed to ensure that tissues are working correctly.
B PLANT<span> maximize its </span>photosynthesis
Answer:
One thing that a scientist might ask about the movement of carbon dioxide through the whale and its surrounding is “how did the whale get the carbon dioxide?”. Another thing that a scientistmay ask about this is “how does the carbon dioxide affect the ecosystem?”
I think it is “D. More specific”
