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eduard
2 years ago
7

What bio chemical reactions are altered due to Down syndrome

Biology
1 answer:
ryzh [129]2 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Abstract

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with aberrations in genetic, morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics. A number of genes located on human chromosome 21 (HSA21) encode proteins which are thought to be involved in numerous metabolic pathways, e.g., phosphofructokinase, cystathionine β-synthase etc. Perturbations of the metabolic pathways may lead to altered drug metabolism in DS individuals. We present a review of metabolic aberrations linked to HSA21 genes in DS. We particularly focus on drug disposition, efficacy, sensitivity and toxicity of anti-leukaemic agents including methotrexate, glucocorticoids, anthracyclines and cytarabine in DS leukaemia. The different outcomes of therapy due to differential drug response, varied drug toxicity and treatment related mortality in DS leukaemia is a subject of much research and speculation. Altered drug response in DS individuals may stem from differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics. Further large-cohort studies in different age groups dissecting metabolic and molecular pathways involved in drug response may increase our understanding in this regard and stipulate pharmacotherapies in DS.

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<u>Explanation:</u>

Air masses are volumes of air that has uniform characteristics. Air masses are  divided into two based on its moisture content. They are continental air mass and maritime air mass which are dry and moist respectively.

The first letter in the abbreviation of an air mass denoted whether the air mass is continental or maritime. The letter c represents continental air mass and letter m represents maritime air mass. The source of origin of the air mass is represented by the second letter in the abbreviation of the air mass.

Air mass with tropics as the source of origin is represented by the letter T, air mass with equator as the source is represented by letter E, air mass with pole as the source is represented by the letter P and air mass with the Arctic or Antarctic as the source is represented by the letter A.

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