Answer:
Enzymes involved in DNA replication are:
<em>Helicase</em> (unwinds the DNA double helix)
<em>Gyrase</em> (relieves the buildup of torque during unwinding)
<em>Primase</em> (lays down RNA primers)
<em>DNA polymerase III</em> (main DNA synthesis enzyme)
<em>DNA polymerase I </em>(replaces RNA primers with DNA)
<em>Ligase </em>(fills in the gaps)
So the correct answer would be <em>RNA polymerase</em>
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Answer:
Oxygen would be played a key role in evolution of complex organisms because this molecule is required to efficiently produce chemical energy during cellular respiration
Explanation:
Chloroplasts originated from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria 1,500 million years (mya) ago. Like chloroplasts, mitochondria originated from cyanobacteria, and also approximately at the same time. Mitochondria are organelles capable of generating energy by burning oxygen during cellular respiration (aerobic respiration). During this period (1,500 mya), complex cells became able to efficiently produce energy by using oxygen in aerobic reactions, which can be attributed to the emergence of mitochondria. Interestingly, it has been shown that during the next 500 mya, different groups of organisms composed of more than 50 different cell types evolved (including algae, fungi and early animals). Therefore, it is possible to hypothesize oxygen would be a critical molecule without which complex organisms couldn't evolve.
Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and the interpositus nucleus
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Answer:
Gram staining procedure is used to differentiate between the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. various reagents used in the gram staining are crystal-violet, iodine, ethanol, and safranin.
1. First, the primary strain that is crystal violet is used to stain the bacterial cells present present on the slide.
2. Then the iodine solution is added over the bacterial culture and held for 1 minute. Iodine makes a complex with the crystal violet in the cell wall of bacteria.
3. Then acetone is used as a decolorizer that decolorizes the gram-negative bacteria by dissolving its lipopolysaccharide cell wall but do not decolorize gram-positive bacteria because its cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan layer.
4. The last reagent is safranin which is used to stain decolorized gram-negative cells pink. Therefore the correct order of staining is:
Crystal violet→Iodine→acetone→sefranine
